Italian
Barbuti S., Bellelli E., Fara G.M., Giammanco G., Igiene, Ed. Monduzzi, ultima edizione.
The recommended textbook is supplemented by lecture notes and additional readings suggested by the instructor. Teaching materials used during lectures, as well as any supplementary materials provided by the instructor, are available on the course e-learning platform.
The course aims to provide students in Pedagogical Sciences with theoretical knowledge and practical tools to understand the main health issues arising in educational settings. Particular attention is devoted to the fundamentals of epidemiology, the prevention of infectious diseases, and the principles of nutrition in relation to the needs of children, adolescents, families, and communities.
1. Knowledge and understanding
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
* understand the fundamental concepts of health, disease prevention, and health promotion;
* describe the main epidemiological indicators and the distribution of diseases within populations;
* understand the modes of transmission of the main infectious diseases;
* explain direct, indirect, and specific prophylactic measures, particularly in educational settings;
* describe the principles of a balanced diet during the different stages of growth;
* understand the role of biological, environmental, social, and educational determinants of health.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to:
* interpret basic epidemiological data concerning population health;
* identify the main risk and protective factors in educational settings;
* apply appropriate hygiene and preventive measures to limit the spread of infectious diseases;
* identify healthy eating behaviours and potential nutritional risks;
* design educational interventions promoting hygiene, disease prevention, and healthy eating habits;
* adapt interventions to the characteristics of the target population and educational context.
3. Making judgements
Students will be able to:
* critically evaluate information, data, and messages concerning health, vaccinations, infectious diseases, and nutrition;
* identify reliable scientific and institutional sources;
* analyse the health needs of children, adolescents, and educational communities;
* select preventive and educational strategies consistent with scientific evidence and the needs of the target population;
* recognise the boundaries of their professional competence and the need to collaborate with healthcare professionals.
4. Communication skills
Students will be able to:
* communicate epidemiological, preventive, and nutritional information clearly and appropriately to different target groups;
* raise awareness among children, adolescents, and families of the importance of infectious-disease prevention and healthy nutrition;
* collaborate with educators, teachers, families, healthcare services, and other local professionals;
* present and document health education and promotion projects.
5. Learning skills
Students will develop the ability to:
* independently update their knowledge of epidemiology, disease prevention, and nutrition;
* consult and use guidelines, epidemiological reports, and reliable scientific sources;
* integrate health-related knowledge with pedagogical competencies;
* apply the acquired knowledge in different educational, social, and professional settings;
* critically reflect on the effectiveness of health education interventions.
As specified in the Academic Regulations.
The course consists of 2-hour lectures delivered according to the academic schedule. The lectures adopt an interactive approach, encouraging active student participation and discussion with the instructor on the topics covered.
Oral Examination
The assessment consists of an oral examination designed to evaluate the level of knowledge and competencies acquired by the student in relation to the course learning objectives.
During the examination, students will be required to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in the course, presenting them in a clear, accurate, well-organized manner and using appropriate technical and scientific terminology. The assessment will also consider the student’s ability to establish connections between different topics, apply the acquired knowledge to basic healthcare and professional contexts, and present relevant and well-reasoned arguments independently.
The assessment will be based on the following criteria:
a) level of knowledge and understanding of the topics;
b) accuracy and completeness of the content;
c) ability to analyze, establish connections, and apply acquired knowledge;
d) clarity and organization of the presentation;
e) appropriate use of discipline-specific terminology;
f) ability to provide relevant and well-reasoned answers to the questions posed by the instructor.
The final grade is expressed on a 30-point scale. The examination is considered passed with a grade of 18/30 or higher. Honours (cum laude) may be awarded to students who demonstrate comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of the subject matter, excellent ability to establish connections and critically integrate the acquired knowledge, and full command of the discipline-specific terminology.
This course contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Office hours are available by appointment and should be arranged in advance with the instructor via email at: tommaso.staniscia@unich.it
The course provides theoretical knowledge and practical tools for protecting and promoting health in educational settings. It explores the main determinants of health, risk and protective factors, and prevention strategies, with particular attention to the needs of children and adolescents.
1. Health, prevention, and health promotion
* Evolution of the concept of health.
* Individual and public health.
* Biological, environmental, social, cultural, and economic determinants of health.
* Risk and protective factors.
* Health inequalities and strategies to address vulnerability.
* Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
* Health promotion and the development of healthy lifestyles.
* Health education in school, educational, and community settings.
* The role of pedagogists and other education professionals in promoting health.
2. Fundamentals of epidemiology
* Definition, aims, and fields of application of epidemiology.
* Descriptive, analytical, and evaluative epidemiology.
* Concepts of population, sample, and population at risk.
* Sources of epidemiological data and public health surveillance systems.
* Main epidemiological measures:
- incidence; prevalence; mortality; case fatality; absolute and relative risk.
* Distribution of diseases according to person, place, and time.
* Main types of epidemiological studies.
* Interpretation of tables, graphs, and basic epidemiological data.
* Epidemiology applied to the health needs of children and adolescents.
* Use of epidemiological data in the planning of educational interventions.
3. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases
* General characteristics of infectious diseases.
* Main pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
* The chain of infection.
* Sources and reservoirs of infection.
* Routes of exit, modes of transmission, and routes of entry.
* Direct, indirect, airborne, foodborne, and vector-borne transmission.
* Infection, contamination, colonisation, and disease.
* Incubation period and infectiousness.
* Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic diseases.
* Infectious diseases relevant to educational and school settings.
* Prevention and management of infectious risks in educational communities for children and adolescents.
4. Prophylaxis of infectious diseases
* Meaning and aims of prophylaxis.
* Direct prophylaxis:
- notification; diagnostic assessment; epidemiological investigation; isolation; health surveillance; disinfection; sterilisation; pest control.
* Indirect prophylaxis:
- environmental hygiene; air quality; water and food safety; waste management; sanitation of educational facilities.
* Specific prophylaxis:
- vaccination; passive immunisation; chemoprophylaxis.
* General principles of immunology and how vaccines work.
* Individual immunity and community protection.
* Vaccination schedules and the main vaccinations during childhood and adolescence.
* Vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and risk communication.
* The educational role in promoting responsible preventive behaviours.
5. Hygiene in educational settings
* Personal hygiene and body care.
* Proper handwashing.
* Respiratory hygiene.
* Oral hygiene.
* Cleaning, disinfection, and sanitation of facilities.
* Safe management of toys, educational materials, and shared surfaces.
* Prevention of the spread of infections in educational communities.
* Appropriate measures in the presence of symptoms or cases of illness.
* Collaboration among educational services, families, and healthcare services.
* Development of basic prevention protocols.
6. Principles of nutrition
* Functions of nutrition and the educational significance of food.
* Energy requirements and energy balance.
* Macronutrients:
- carbohydrates; proteins; fats.
* Micronutrients:
- vitamins; minerals.
* Water, hydration, and dietary fibre.
* Principles of a varied, balanced, and sustainable diet.
* Food groups, portion sizes, and recommended frequency of consumption.
* Basic interpretation of nutrition labels.
* Food safety, food storage, and prevention of food contamination.
7. Nutrition during childhood and adolescence
* Nutritional needs at different stages of growth.
* Nutrition during early childhood, school age, and adolescence.
* Importance of breakfast and regular meal patterns.
* Taste education and the development of food preferences.
* The role of the family, school, and school meal services.
* The influence of media, advertising, and the social environment on food choices.
* Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and energy balance.
* Prevention of overweight and obesity.
* Undernutrition and overnutrition.
* Introduction to food allergies, food intolerances, and feeding and eating disorders.
* Early identification of warning signs and collaboration with healthcare professionals.
* Promotion of a balanced, inclusive, and non-stigmatising relationship with food and body image.
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